I hadn't thought of this before but this just came to mind: why did Suho stop Bumseok from attacking the bully with the mic but he didn't stop Sieun from beating Yeong Bin with the book?

I get that Suho's whole philosophy about fighting is "don't cross the line" but what made those situations different?

I don't know if I would call them theories but I have some possible suggestions. 1. Suho actually witnessed the mounting bullying & teasing that Si Eun experienced so he felt the payback was fair and justified 2. Suho could tell Bumseok wanted to blungeon the bully (potenially killing  or seriously injuring him) and Suho didn't want to be a party to that especially since it had been Suho's idea to confront them in the first place. 3. Si Eun handled his bully/bullies by himself yet Bum Seok was reliant on Suho's presence which made Suho feel responsible for the situation.

Does anyone have any thoughts on this?

I am a bit late to the party. Anyhow, I have just watched the scene and I believe that it was a mix of your 2nd and 3rd point. Also, Suho and Sieun weren't friends when Sieun escalated so I guess he only intervened when it was close to reach a point of no return. However, when Beomseok escalated, Suho and him were friends. Suho protects his friends so I guess he didn't want the line crossed. Additionally, Sieun kind of reacted within the moment of bullying, I guess, whereas they kind of set the situation up with Beomseok's bullies. There, Suho's responsibility would come in as well. Also, we should not forget that they did not seem to beat bullies up before the incident with Sieun and Yeong Bin, so maybe he did not want to make it a habit either.
Oh, and Beomseok already behaved weirdly, treating his friends badly and was an ass to anyone who did not agree with him or did something against his will. Even the perception thereof was enough to tick him off. So he was literally a ticking time bomb. And an ungrateful selfish prick who sees himself as a victim even in moments that he is not. 

Also, as we see right after, he is a weakling that beats people when they are already kneeing or laying on the floor. Bully behaviour.

(Ngl, I am sure if he had a girlfriend and she would accidentally say the wrong thing or would have talked to another guy that Beomseok did not approve of, I could see him get violent with her as well).

This analysis helped answers a lot of my questions behind Beom Seok's motivations .

Uhh... Si Eun's book attack was totally random and he might have been asleep? 

You have asked a very good question. You also have to ask if Suho had allowed Beom Seok to get revenge on his previous bullies would the ending of this drama have happened? Also, why is Si Eun allowed a weapon and not Beok Seom? 

Beok Seom is the product of his father's teaching. I will literally beat you until you fight back. He is also the product of the educational mindset of if there is a problem transfer schools. He is also the product of the mindset that this is just boys having fun. Well who is having fun? Finally, he is a product of money and power. Consequences don't mean anything as they can be covered up by transferring overseas or to another fancy school.

Suho, on the other hand, is a product of a family who seems to love and care for him. He has a job and responsibilities. Everyone in the school, including the rich kids, are scared of him. He has power with no money. 

The scene with the boys at the karaoke bar was to set up Beok Seom to transition over to his class status and fulfill his father wishes. If Suho had been a great friend like every viewer thinks he is to Baek Seom, he would have helped Baek Seom get revenge, and also keep BS from crossing the line. However, he didn't, so it appears that he will defend Si Eun and allow Si Eun to fight his owen battles, but not BS. This just makes BS feel like a total loser. 

I hope this helps. Many viewers are angry because they feel Baek Seom betrayed Suho and Si Eun. I  disagree. Suho betrayed Baek Seom first. Thus, leading to the final show down. jmo

 Lylaaz:

Uhh... Si Eun's book attack was totally random and he might have been asleep? 

I think he was awake by that point. He was woken up when Si Eun slammed his fists on the desk.