I liked Welcome to NHK but I don't believe there is anything even remotely similar to it. In general if you want realistic you have to look towards older anime, for example before 2010.
Cowboy Bebop can be considered mature. Fantasies can be mature as long as they have realistic themes.
There is a famous director that makes realistic anime movies, Makoto Shinkai, his most popular/successful movie is not so realistic but still good, you probably heard of it - Your Name, I think 5 cm/s was the most realistic, and depressingly so.
Otherwise, I also found these realistic:
Fullmetal Alchemist (2003 ver.)
Rurouni Kenshin Tsuiokuhen - flawless anime, helps that it's short
Samurai Champloo
Mushishi
Some Gundam stuff give realistic depiction of war: 08th ms team, Gundam 00
Sports: Major, Slam Dunk - nothing like Kuroko no Basket or Prince of Tennis
Hope that helps, I'm a big advocate of realism in fiction.